PROF C UPENDER RAO

This blog is created for those who are interested in Indic studies. i keep posting my poems and short essays in this blog. viewers are welcome to comment.

Tuesday, January 3, 2023

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం

 

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం

 

లేఖకో - ఆచారియో చౌడూరి ఉపేన్ద్రరావొ

సక్కతవిజ్జాజ్ఝయన-సంథానం

జవాహరలాల్ నేహరూ విస్సవిజ్జాలయో

నవదిల్లీ, భారతమ్

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం ॥

 

మా కురు దప్పం మా కురు గబ్బం

మా భవ మానీ మా భవ కోపీ।

మా భజ దుక్ఖం మా భజ సోకం

పముదితచిత్తో హోహి పసన్నో॥


నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం ॥


మా వద మిచ్ఛా మా కురు హింసం

మా పిబ మజ్జం వద సచ్చం త్వం।

పాలయ ధమ్మం కుసలం కమ్మం

కురు నిచ్చం త్వం రతనవన్దనం


నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం ॥


దానం కత్వా ముసం జహిత్వా

సీలం లోకే విత్థారేత్వా।

అకుసలకమ్మం ఛడ్డేత్వా త్వం

నిబ్బానత్థం పయత సబ్బదా


నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం ॥


ఈతీ గణ్డో ఉపద్దవో ఖో

రోగో సల్లం భయం ఖయం

దిస్వా ఏతే కామగుణేసు

నిబ్బానం సర సుఖప్పదం॥


నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం ॥


కామా చిత్రా హోన్తి సబ్బదా

మధురా కామా మనోరమా।

కామా పురిసం మథేన్తి నిచ్చం

చజ సంసగ్గం కామానం


నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం ॥


సబ్బే సత్తా సుఖినో హోన్తు

పాలి హోతు   పభస్సరా।

నవవస్సస్మిం సబ్బే జీవా

హోన్తు ఖేమినో నిరామయా॥


నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం ॥

 

NEW YEAR GREETINGS IN PALI (SIMHALA) BY PROF. C. UENDRA RAO, JNU


නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

ලේඛකෝ ආචාරියෝ චෞඩූරි උපේන්ද්රරාවෝ

සක්කත-පච්චවිජ්ජජ්ඣයන-සංථානම්

ජවාහරලාල නේහරූ විස්සවිජ්ජාලයෝ

නවදිල්ලී, භාරතම්

 

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

මා කුරු දප්පං මා කුරු ගබ්බං

මා භව මානී මා භව කෝපී

මා භජ දුක්ඛං මා භජ සෝකං

පමුදිතචිත්තෝ හෝහි පසන්නෝ

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

මා වද මිච්ඡා මා කුරු හිංසං

මා පිබ මජ්ජං වද සච්චං ත්වං

පාලය ධම්මං කුසලං කම්මං

කුරු නිච්චං ත්වං රතනවන්දනං

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

දානං කත්වා මුසං ජහිත්වා

සීලං ලෝකේ විත්ථාරේත්වා

අකුසලකම්මං ඡඩ්ඩේත්වා ත්වං

නිබ්බානත්ථං පයත සබ්බදා

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

ඊතී ගණ්ඩෝ උපද්දවෝ ඛෝ

රෝගෝ සල්ලං භයං ඛයං

දිස්වා ඒතේ කාමගුණේසු

නිබ්බානං සර සුඛප්පදං

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

කාමා චිත්රා හෝන්ති සබ්බදා

මධුරා කාමා මනෝරමා

කාමා පුරිසං මථේන්ති නිච්චං

චජ සංසග්ගං කාමානං

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

සබ්බේ සත්තා සුඛිනෝ හෝන්තු

පාලි හෝතු   පභස්සරා

නවවස්සස්මිං සබ්බේ ජීවා

හෝන්තු ඛේමිනෝ නිරාමයා

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

නවවස්සස්මිං හෝතු මඞ්ගලං

 

NEW YEAR GREETINGS IN PALI BY PROF. C. UENDRA RAO, JNU


नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं

 


लेखको आचारियो चौडूरि उपेन्द्ररावो

सक्कत-पच्चविज्जज्झयन-संथानम्

जवाहरलाल नेहरू विस्सविज्जालयो

नवदिल्ली, भारतम्

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ।

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ॥

मा कुरु दप्पं मा कुरु गब्बं

मा भव मानी मा भव कोपी।

मा भज दुक्खं मा भज सोकं

पमुदितचित्तो होहि पसन्नो॥

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ।

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ॥

मा वद मिच्छा मा कुरु हिंसं

मा पिब मज्जं वद सच्चं त्वं।

पालय धम्मं कुसलं कम्मं

कुरु निच्चं त्वं रतनवन्दनं ॥

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ।

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ॥

दानं कत्वा मुसं जहित्वा

सीलं लोके वित्थारेत्वा।

अकुसलकम्मं छड्डेत्वा त्वं

निब्बानत्थं पयत सब्बदा ॥

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ।

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ॥

ईती गण्डो उपद्दवो खो

रोगो सल्लं भयं खयं ।

दिस्वा एते कामगुणेसु

निब्बानं सर सुखप्पदं॥

                             नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ।

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ॥

कामा चित्रा होन्ति सब्बदा

मधुरा कामा मनोरमा।

कामा पुरिसं मथेन्ति निच्चं

चज संसग्गं कामानं ॥

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ।

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ॥

सब्बे सत्ता सुखिनो होन्तु

पालि होतु च  पभस्सरा।

नववस्सस्मिं सब्बे जीवा

होन्तु खेमिनो निरामया॥

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ।

नववस्सस्मिं होतु मङ्गलं ॥

Monday, October 5, 2020

COLLAPSING ANCIENT TEMPLES IN CAMBODIA

 

            Many of us have experienced that the Kingdom of Cambodia glitters with the old temples. Visitors of Angkor always appreciate the Ta Prohm temple, which was built during the time of King Jayavarman VII in the 12th century to honor his mother, now situated in jungle ruins, and famous for its giant banyan roots, which tightly grip the temple walls. This image was a most favorite one, which could capture in several paintings and photographs. But today almost all temples in Cambodia have collapsed and fallen down. No temple is perfectly standing today and no temple is functioning today, with its past glory. Very few temples may be the exceptions for this.

 

 

            Though Cambodians possess the great legacy, they are not the masters of temple preservation. They hold the keys but not the essential resources. China came to help Cambodia but it couldn’t play a considerable role in conservation of Cambodian old temples. The Chinese government was handed control over Chau Sey Tevoda, because it is generally assumed, that the China maintains close links with Cambodia's monarch, King Norodom Sihanouk, who spent at least half his life time in a government villa near Beijing.

 

            Anyone who loves ancient Indian culture, which was spread across the Cambodia, becomes extremely happy to see the great ancient temples of Cambodia, but feels astonishing to observe the present pitiable condition of ancient Hindu and Buddhist temples, which were the shining places of social gatherings and number of arts, in ancient Cambodia. These temples were undivided part of Cambodian culture and inspiring places for all Cambodian people.

            The L'École Française d'Extrême-Orient, the top French research institute, enjoyed 100 years of supremacy in Cambodia. It meticulously restored around 50 monuments, but had no worries about predatory artifacts, which it treated its patrimony for French museums. The French had left a number of projects unfinished due to the rise of Khmer Rouge in the early 1970's. Cambodia, under the Communism in the 1980's, had invited a few ''friendly'' countries onto the site, like Poland and Russia and it is not difficult to expect what they might have suggested for the preservation of ancient Hindu and Buddhist temples.

            Several European countries including Japan came to restore the Cambodian temples, but the restoring a Khmer ruins is like attempting terrifying puzzles, with almost all collapsed or collapsing structures. How to fill the gaps with newly recycled stone, and how much to decorate them, are some of the crucial questions. The Ta Prohm's big trees present another question: to cut or not to cut them.

            Today several temples in Cambodia have collapsed. Many temples are dilapidated and not functioning today as temples. They are just tourist visiting spots, where every foreigner has to pay several dollars to enter into these sacred premises. There was a seven percent growth in tourist arrivals in the year of 2018 and visitors from 193 countries visited the temple of Angkor watt. Angkor Archaeological Park continues to generate the bulk of tourism revenue from its ticket sales. The income could be $117 million annually, with about 2.6 million foreigners visiting the Angkor Watt, located in Siem Reap. But citizens or any world citizen shouldn’t put a question how much money is being spent to rebuilt these temples. Authorities or researchers are not bothered how several temples in Cambodia have collapsed? Many temples are dilapidated and not functioning today as temples.

            Several temples were also constructed in India, during the same time i.e. from A. D. 10th to 14th centuries. But the temples constructed in the same time period in India are still sound and also functioning in India, even today. Therefore the question remains, what made these temples to collapse in a large manner ! I tried to know the reason for this phenomena from the Cambodian monks and scholars but they said, it happened due to bombing during the wars.

            There can be other reasons, one of the reasons may be the shifting or transforming of temple function. Ancient temples changed from Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism to  Theravada Buddhism. The other reason may be, temples were not provided the frequent action of protection by the government. Some scholars say, this might have happened due to wars with Thailand, and thereby due to the abandoning of the temple cities. People escaped from the temple area to find the safe refuge, so the temples are completely abandoned, then covered up by the forests. But the question remains,  if the temples are completely abandoned, do they collapse?

            The role of some temples in Cambodia is only "Nak ta", which means the spirit of ancestors. People only celebrate the ceremony annually and eventually, some temples are abandoned due to the migration of people. As we know, the ancient temples constructed by the stones are very heavy on the earth, so they can stand according to the reservoirs, which were constructed  around them. The mud has to be removed from these reservoirs from time to time, but if they become gutters, then the temple may collapse. The other reason may be the quality of stone, which was used for the construction of the temples.

 

            Whatever may be the causes, the fact is, today almost all temples in Cambodia have collapsed and fallen down. No temple is perfectly standing today and no temple is functioning today, with its glory. Very few temples may be the exceptions. A Buddhist temple under construction in Siem Reap, which is the home of Cambodia's famous  Angkor temples, collapsed on Monday, Dec 2nd, 2019, killing at least three people and injuring 13 others, including two monks. Workers were pouring cement for the ceiling of the temple when it suddenly collapsed, trapping the workers and two monks who were helping them. This was an unfortunate incident, which occurred due to the collapse of temple. But several people who are lovers of ancient culture of Cambodia wish that these temples of Buddha, Vishnu, Shiva and Ganesh must be restored and they should function and opened for the devotees, the way they were functioning and opened for the devotees in ancient Cambodia. 

 

Prof. C. Upender Rao,

Jawaharlal Nehru University,

New Delhi, India.

 


(This article is written to show the empathy over the collapsing ancient temples, not to criticize anyone, so try to understand the issue with the positive spirit.) 

 

నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం

  నవవస్సస్మిం హోతు మఙ్గలం   లేఖకో - ఆచారియో చౌడూరి ఉపేన్ద్రరావొ సక్కతవిజ్జాజ్ఝయన - సంథానం జవాహరలాల్ నేహరూ విస్సవిజ్జాలయో నవ...